Birch allergy is the common term for allergic reaction to birch tree pollen. During spring time, birch flowers release pollen, which are dispersed via wind currents. People with birch allergy exhibit many signs and symptoms that make the coming of spring a time of distress for them, instead of a time of joy.
Symptoms
Birch pollen allergy exhibits symptoms similar to other pollen allergies. Pollen allergies occur when the body releases immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in excess amounts when it encounters a foreign substance, in this case, birch pollen. These IgE antibodies stimulate the production of certain chemical compounds like histamine. The production of these compounds leads to an increase in mucus production, itchiness of the ears and throat, irritation, conjunctivitis or reddening of the eyes and periphery. Uncontrollable bouts of sneezing and cough are also symptoms of birch allergy. Skin rashes can also occur in some cases when the skin itself comes into contact with the allergen. Asthma can also occur, inducing shortness of breath and wheezing to a person with birch allergy. In severe cases where high amount of pollen are ingested or come in contact with deep open wounds, a fatal anaphylactic shock can occur.
Diagnosis
To identify if you have birch allergy, a skin test is necessary. In this test, a small extract of birch tree pollen is applied to a small wound in the skin and the reaction is observed. Redness and swelling would indicate the presence of lgE antibodies and its reaction to the birch tree pollen. A blood test (RAST or adioallergosorbent test) can be performed to further confirm if the introduction of birch pollen in your body would have a corresponding increase in lgE levels.
Prevention
Birch allergy can be prevented by minimizing exposure to birch pollen. This includes staying indoors, making sure windows and doors are closed, and installing filters in air-conditioning or ventilation ducts. When driving, switching air conditioning on while keeping the windows closed would minimize the instance of pollen getting into the car. It is also vital to keep an eye on television and online pollen warnings, to prepare yourself for unusually high concentrations that may be experienced in your area.
Those with birch allergy should also be more watchful of the food they partake. Having an allergy to birch pollen could also be a sign that the person is also allergic to certain types of food. Apples, plums, pears, peaches and cherries are some fruits that a person with birch allergy may also be allergic to. Nuts and grain like almonds, wheat, walnuts and fennel can also be an allergen to people with birch allergy. It would be wise to eat these foods with caution and initially in small amounts.
Treatments
The use of antihistamines and decongestants can reduce the symptoms associated with birch allergy and lessen discomfort to the sufferer. Corticosteroids can be used to reduce swelling and inflamed sinuses. Potassium chloride derived from seaweed can also reduce the symptoms of allergic reactions.
To further treat birch allergy, immunotherapy could also be used. In immunotherapy, the body is gradually induced to become accustomed to a particular allergen, eventually lowering the body’s immune response when such allergen is encountered. In the case of birch allergy, incremental dosages of birch bark extract may lead to diminished immune reaction to birch pollen.
Conclusion
Birch allergy as with most other allergies is at the very least, a nuisance. Aside from preventing you from accomplishing daily tasks, allergies could also lead to more health concerns. Identification is the first step in treating birch allergies. Being mindful of the signs and symptoms would help you become aware if birch pollen density in your vicinity could be approaching high levels. Constant vigilance, coupled with a doctor’s guidance could go a long way towards alleviating this allergic reaction.
References
- Larsson, Petra Ossowski (2003) About birch Sap and Pollen Allergy
- Price D, Bond C, Bouchard J, Costa R, Keenan J, Levy ML, Orru M, Ryan D, Walker S, Watson M. (2005) International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) Guidelines: management of allergic rhinitis. Prim Care Respir J.